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    "If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land." - - II Chronicles 7:14;
    Hope of Israel
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    Note: Scriptures are blue.

    The Children of Israel
    Their Promises and Prophecies of Their Future.


    CHAPTER 5
    DAVID SON OF JESSIE [DAVIYD BEN YISHAI] TAKES THE THRONE

    AFTER THE DEATH OF ISRAEL and his twelve sons in Egypt, their children grew in about two and a quarter centuries to a population probably between two and three million in that land. However, Israel’s children became Egyptian slaves (Exodus 1:6-14; Genesis 15:13). Then the Mighty One raised up Moses and fitted him in a special way to lead these children of Israel out of the bondage that had come upon them in Egypt.

    When the children of Israel reached Mt. Sinai, ETERNAL made a Covenant1  with them, establishing them as a nation—His NATION—among the kingdoms of the world. Their government was theocratic with the civil as well as the religious laws given directly from their SOVEREIGN. The Mighty One Himself was their King and He ruled them by a system of judges.

    Soon the Israelites became dissatisfied with ETERNAL as their King and demanded that a man should be their king just like the gentile nations around them. So the Mighty One gave them Saul2  as their first human king. Saul, however, was not a good king, nor was his heart right with ETERNAL. Saul refused to obey the SOVEREIGN and so He rejected him. Saul’s dynasty ended with his death.

    Then the Mighty One placed David, a man after His own heart and with no relationship to Saul, upon the throne of Israel. David sat on ETERNAL’s throne.

    Rachel’s Tomb

    Jacob, in returning home from his long sojourn at his granduncle Laban’s home came to...“...Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him (Genesis 35:6).” Rachel died and concerning the location Dr. James Orr states:
    ...in Genesis 35:20 we read: “...Jacob set up a pillar upon her grave: the same is the Pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day,". "Unto this day" refers to the time of the compiler [which was probally Ezra. the Priest]. Though the pillar, i.e. sepulchral monument, has long disappeared, a spot is marked until this day, and ‘Christians,’ Jews and Mohammedans unite in honoring it. The present tomb site, which, apparently, is not older than the 15th century CE, is built in the style of the small-domed buildings raised by Moslems in honor of their saints. It is doubtful that it marks the exact spot where Rachel was buried.   There are, apparently, two traditions as to the location of the tomb. The first, based upon Genesis 35:16-20; 48:7, points to a place one mile North of Bethlehem and 4 miles South of Jerusalem.”3 

    “In contrast the second location according to 1 Samuel 10:2 states the place of Rachel's grave was on the ‘border of Benjamin’ near Beth-el, about 10 miles North of Jerusalem, at Ephrath. This location is corroborated by Jeremiah 31:15, where the prophet, in relating the leading away of the people of Ramah, which was in Benjamin, into captivity, introduces Rachel the mother of that tribe as bewailing the fate of her descendants. Those that believe this northern location to be the place of Rachel's grave take the words, “the same is Beth-lehem, in Genesis 35:19; 48:7, to be an incorrect gloss [veneer].”4

    Now let us compare the Scriptures. We will begin with the Scriptures containing the identified incorrect gloss of an replacing “-el” with “-lehem” on the word Beth-el to make it Beth-lehem:
    Genesis 35:16,19 (KJV). “And they [Jacob and family] journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor... And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Beth-lehem.”
    Genesis 48:7. “And as for me, when I [Jacob] came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Beth-lehem.”

    Now to examine the other two Scriptures mentioned by Dr. Orr. We will begin with the Prophet Samuel speaking to Saul.
    1 Samuel 10:2. “When you [Saul] have departed from me [Samuel] today, you will find two men by RACHEL'S TOMB IN THE TERRITORY OF BENJAMIN at Zelzah; and they will say to you, 'The donkeys which you went to look for have been found.”

    Notice in the verse above a point is made in passing, that Rachel’s tomb is in the territory of Benjamin, which is North of Jerusalem.

    “Some sources claim that actually Rachel's Tomb is north of Jerusalem at a site called by local Arabs ‘the place of the sons of Israel’ which is near present day A-Ram, the site of Biblical Ramah. The largest so-called tomb of the group, the function of which is obscure, has the name 'Qabr Umm beni Isra`in,' that is, ‘The tomb of the mother of the descendants of Isra‘in.’

    “The place is mentioned in the ‘Prophets’ section [in Jeremiah] of the Hebrew Bible as the site of Rachel's burial when King Saul visits the site, in I Samuel 10:2. Later Jewish sources take the site near Bethlehem as the real site.”5

    Jeremiah 31:15,18. “Thus says ETERNAL: ‘A voice was heard in Ramah, Lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children, refusing to be comforted for her children, because they are no more... I [ETERNAL] have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself:’ 'You have chastised me, and I was chastised, like an untrained bull; restore me, and I will return, for You are ETERNAL my SOVEREIGN.’”

    That is another indication that there was midnight oil being burned in glossing genealogical Scriptures is that Ramah is near the ancient border of Benjamin and Ephraim. Much later after Jeroboam’s revolt the area was then incorporated into the old land of Judah.

    Bethlehem or Bethel?

    “In the Old Testament the parenthetical reference to Bethlehem in Genesis 35:19 is perhaps derived from a traditional burial site for Rachel near the village.”6
    Genesis 35:19. “So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).”

    Bethlehem was generally just called “Bethlehem” (Ruth 1:22), but sometimes it was called “Bethlehemjudah” (Ruth 1:2). In other places it was called “Ephrath (which is Bethlehem)” (Genesis 48:7).

    “The difficulty in the determining the correct location [of Bethel or Bethlehem] has several causes. One is the general archaeological problem of identifying various ruins from ancient cities after all traces of the ancient people have disappeared. This is compounded by the past practices of the church in Rome during the Middle Ages in sending emissaries to the ‘Holy Land’ to determine where New Testament activities were supposed to have happened. These church determinations are the basis for all modern locations.” 7
    The village of King David’s birth falls into this category of confusion. The place of David’s birth, north of Jerusalem, is called “Ephrath, (which is Bethlehem)” (Genesis 35:19). This is glossing as we saw above because Bethlehem is south of Jerusalem and Bethel, which is near where King David was born, is north of Jerusalem.

    Five times the village of David’s birth is called “Ephratah” (Psalm 132:6) and David should know since he was born there. The English word “Ephratah” is translated from the Hebrew word “Ephrath” as a form of “Ephrathah” as is translated in Scripture. Strong’s states both words come from #H672 “Ephrath (ef-rawth‘) or Ephrathah (ef-raw‘-thaw) and means “Ephrath, another name for Bethlehem,” but perhaps Ephrathah simply means EPHRAIM. Scofield’s Notes for Psalm 126:6 states that the meaning of Ephrathah is Ephraim.

    “EPHRATAH (ehf' ruh tah) Place and personal name meaning ’fruitful.’ Modern translations spell the name as Ephrathah. It is the town near which Jacob buried his wife Rachel (Genesis 35:16-19; usually translated in English as Ephrath). Genesis 35:16 seems to indicate that Ephrath(ah) must have been near Bethel. This is supported by 1 Samuel 10:2 and Jeremiah 31:15, which place Rachel's tomb near Ramah on the border between the tribal territories of Ephraim and Benjamin. Genesis 35:19, however, identifies Ephrath(ah) with Bethlehem. Compare Genesis 48:7.”8
    1 Samuel 10:2. "When you have departed from me today, you will find two men by Rachel's tomb in the territory of Benjamin...”
    Micah 5:2 (NIV). “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah...”

    Bethlehem is Ephrathah (Ephraim), yet is numbered as in Judah...  What?  Is this a conflict in Scripture?   Certainly not!   It is an indication of the period the text was written. Bethlehem Ephrathah9 refers to the time of David’s youth when it was an Ephraimite village on the border between the tribal territories of Ephraim and Benjamin. Both Bethel and Bethlehem were in Judah in the period after the ten-tribes split from Judah. The tribes of Judah and Benjamin were merged into the House of Judah. Then Bethel was numbered with Judah.

    Nevertheless, the Midnight Monks strike again by hiding the meaning of the word “Ephraim,” the Royal appointed firstborn son of Israel by using ”Ephrath.” BUT, WAIT—why would the King James boys care who Ephraim’s descendants were? Now we will discover what Judeo-Christian values are concerning Bethlehem.
    “...Compare Genesis 48:7. It is part of Judah's tribal territory according to the earliest Greek translation [Septuagint] of the Old Testament, words omitted in current Hebrew manuscripts (Joshua 15:59 REB; see Tanakh verse 59, footnote ‘m’).”10

    DID YOU CATCH THAT? THE GREEKS PUT BETHEL IN JUDEA AND THEN CALLED IT BETHLEHEM. Take note that for this job the MIDNIGHT MONKS AND THE MIDNIGHT RABBIS are working together to say Ephrathah was in Judah’s original land grant and calling it Bethlehem. This move hides David’s true tribal affinity making him appear Jewish and thus reconstructs the genealogical record of the Mashiach (Messiah)! Why would they do that? “Elementary dear Watson, the Jews want David to be in their blood line so they can claim to be the royal tribe. The church in Rome wants the dead Galilean to be of Jewish descent from David to gain a false claim to the throne.”
    “EPHRATAH (ehf' ruh tah) Place and personal name meaning ‘fruitful.’ Modern translations spell Ephrathah Town near which Jacob buried his wife Rachel (Genesis 35:16-19; usually translated in English as Ephrath. Genesis 36:16 seems to indicate that Ephrath(ah) must have been near Bethel. This is supported by 1 Samuel 10:2 and Jeremiah 31:15, which place Rachel's tomb near Ramah on the border between the tribal territories of Ephraim and Benjamin. Genesis 35:19, however, identifies Ephrath(ah) with Bethlehem.”11

    This may well be a moot argument because the words in our Bibles here in the Twenty-first Century say David was from an Ephraimite family, but born in a village in Judea. So if you think that the Ephraimite bloodline of David is correct or whether you think the Greeks are correct and go with David coming from Judea—we will just have to wait and ask him.

    Ruth

    The time setting of the story of was during the period of the Judges. However, the book was not written until after the time of King David’s birth, since it contains his genealogical background. In reading the book, remember that Ephraim was the Royal Tribe and was promised to be fruitful and spread over the wall (Genesis 49:22). In the first verses, notice the tribal affiliation of Naomi, her husband, and sons:
    Ruth 1:1-2 (NIV). “In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bethlehem
    12 in Judah, together with his wife and two sons, went to live for a while in the country of Moab. The man's name was Elimelech, his wife's name Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Kilion. They were Ephrathites [#H673-Ephraimite] from Bethlehem, Judah13 And they went to Moab and lived there.”

    Elimelech and Naomi, his wife, are from Bethlehem (Bethel), but they are Ephraimites. The English word “Ephrathites” comes form the Hebrew word “Ephrathiy” (Strong's #H673) an “Ephrath [H672]” means “an Ephrathite or an Ephraimite.” Thus, we see that Naomi and her family were of the tribe of Ephraim living in the village formally called Ephrath on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin, but later called Bethlehem in the land of Judah. Thus, Ruth's deceased husband was an Ephraimite. Now back to Holman article on Ruth:

    The Book of Ruth takes place in the region of Bethlehem (Bethel) (Ruth 1:1-2,19,22; 2:4; 4:11). This story leads to the events that gave major importance to the village as the home and place of anointing of David (1 Samuel 16:1-13; 17:12,15).
    THE PLOT THICKENS! Notice who is a close relative of Naomi's Ephraimite family:
    Ruth 2:20. “Then Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, ‘Blessed be he [Boaz] of ETERNAL, who has not forsaken His kindness to the living and the dead!’ And Naomi said to her, ‘This man [Boaz] is a relation of ours one of our close relatives.’”

    Since Boaz is a close relative of the Ephraimite family of Naomi's husband, then he is an Ephraimite also. This makes Boaz the person to bear seed from Ruth for her dead Ephraimite husband, since Boaz is the next closest kin. The village was elated over this prospect...
    Ruth 4:11 (Tanakh).14 “...All the people at the gate and the elders answered, “We are. May ETERNAL make the woman who is coming into your house like Rachel15 and Leah, both of whom built up the House of Israel! Prosper in Ephrathah and perpetuate your name in Bethlehem!”
    ...4:13. “So Boaz married Ruth; she became his wife, and he cohabited with her. ETERNAL let her conceive, and she bore a son...
    ...4:17. “...and the women neighbors gave him a name, saying, “A son is born to Naomi!” They named him Obed; he was the father of Jesse, father of David.”

    The next series of verses will nail down the fact that David is of the tribe of Ephraim, but was born on land that later became part of Judah. Holman states that “Micah 5:2 was understood to indicate that the Mashiach [David] was born in Bethlehem (Bethel) not Jerusalem.” Remember that in Micah's time, King David was ancient history and Bethel in ancient times was on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin.
    Micah 5:2 (Tanakh). “But you, Bethlehem [Betel] Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times.”

    We know the story that Goliath challenged the Israelites to send a champion to fight him and the shepherd lad David accepted the challenge.
    1 Samuel 17:4 (Stone’s version of the Tanakh). “A champion
    16 went forth from the Philistine camps, whose name was Goliath of Gath; his height was six cubits and a span.
    ...17:12. “David was the son of a certain Ephrathite [#H673]17 from Bethlehem [in] Judah [#H1035]18; his name was Jesse and he had eight sons...
    ...17:50. “Thus David overpowered the Philistine with the slingshot and stone, he smote the Philistine...”

    This is a different conclusion from my former writings; however, after prayerfully considering all of the Scriptures it appears to me that King David was an Ephrathite (Ephraimite) from the village Ephrath at or near Bethel. Later in the Greek Septuagint it was called Bethlehem in the land of Judah. Since there is confusion on the issue, you the reader are responsible for what you believe after a careful prayerful study of Scripture. However, King David, the son of an Ephraimite, was born on land that later became part of Judah and we mention this only in passing.19

    The Davidic Covenant

    Because of his obedience, sincerity, and honesty of heart, David, like Abraham, received a most astonishing unconditional promise from the Almighty that is as little known as the Birthright promises to Abraham.
    Throne
    This Coronation Chair of Ephraim resting upon four Lions representing Judah is symbolic of the reunified Two Houses. It is symbolic of the Throne that the Mashiach may sit upon to rule. The only Hope for Israel and the world, is the reunification of the House of Israel and the House of Judah in the latter days at the advent of the Mashiach (Messiah)

    We only have space to quote briefly20 from the Scriptures setting forth this amazing Davidic Covenant. Like the Covenant with Abraham, the Mighty One made the Davidic Covenant UNCONDITIONAL and UNBREAKABLE.  King David, ever thankful of ETERNAL's blessing, wanted to build a great Temple as ETERNAL’s House in Jerusalem. The Almighty replied:
    2 Samuel 7:12. “When your days are fulfilled and you rest with your fathers, I will set up your seed after you, who will come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom.”

    This, of course, was his son Solomon who succeeded David to the throne. ETERNAL continued:
    ...7:13. “He [Solomon] shall build a house for My Name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.”

    Notice it: The throne of David passed to Solomon and Solomon’s throne was to be established FOREVER! If that throne ever ceased to exist, then the Mighty One’s promise has failed! Nevertheless, some will try to say the promise was conditional upon the obedience of Solomon or the future line of kings or their people. Notice the scriptural answer to this in the next verse...
    ...7:14-15. “I [ETERNAL] will be his [Solomon’s] Father, and he shall be My son. If he commits iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men and with the blows of the sons of men. But My mercy shall not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I removed from before you [David].”

    “BUT” ETERNAL states, yes, notice this BUT: “But My mercy SHALL NOT depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I removed from before you.” Saul’s dynasty ceased. The SOVEREIGN CREATOR promises He will never take away this throne from David’s line in this manner. David’s dynasty through Solomon shall never cease! Continuing, next verse:
    ...7:16. “And your house and your kingdom shall be established forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever.”

    Again, we run into a twofold promise; this one is about the kingly line, and ETERNAL throne that comes through a person born in the land that was to become a part of Judah. However, we do not have space here to pursue both parts, so please refer to our article, “New Proof of the Messiah” for a full explanation.

    Through all Generations

    Not only was David’s House and Kingdom established forever through Solomon, but it was to exist continuously forever—through all generations!
    Psalm 89:3-4. “I have made a Covenant with My chosen, I have sworn to My servant David: ‘Your seed I will establish forever, and build up your throne to all generations.’”

    Note it! David’s seed, through Solomon, and his throne were to stand forever “as the moon and as a faithful witness in heaven” (verses 28-37).
    Jeremiah 33:17 (TLB). For ETERNAL declares that from then on, David shall forever have an heir
    21 sitting on the throne of Israel.”

    As far as it is historically known, the last king of David’s dynasty to sit upon that throne was King Zedekiah of Judah. He died in 585 BCE in Babylon with the Jews, a captive people. All of his sons were killed along with all the nobles of Judah. There is no historical record of any continuance of that throne from that year. Then did David “lack a person” to sit upon the throne and continue his dynasty from that day on?

    Some say the man from Galilee took over the throne. Nevertheless, alas, he did not because he also died and, in addition, he was Jewish and not an Ephraimite. However, at the Advent, the Mashiach will soon sit upon that very throne as the King of kings. But wait! How can the Mashiach take over and sit upon a throne that ceased to exist long ago?

    Will the Mashiach Come to a Nonexistent Throne?

    IF the throne of David ceased with Zedekiah, then it does not exist today. Moreover if it does not exist, how shall the Mashiach sit upon a non-existent throne? Furthermore, since it was to continue through all generations, what about those many generations between Zedekiah and the coming Advent?
    Jeremiah 33:20-21 (NIV). “This is what ETERNAL says: ‘If you can break My Covenant with the day and My Covenant with the night, so that day and night no longer come at their appointed time, then My Covenant with David My servant--and My covenant with the Levites who are priests ministering before Me--can be broken and David will no longer have a descendant to reign on his throne.’”

    Day and night still continue. Do David’s descendants through Solomon still sit upon a throne? Nevertheless, what do the people say?
    ...33:24. “Have you not noticed that these people are saying, ‘ETERNAL has rejected the two kingdoms He chose? ’ So they despise My People and no longer regard them as a nation.”

    However, what does our ETERNAL SOVEREIGN say?
    ...33:25-26 (NIV). “ This is what ETERNAL says: ‘If I have not established My Covenant with day and night and the fixed laws of heaven and earth, then I will reject the descendants of Jacob and David My servant and will not choose one of his sons to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. For I will restore their fortunes and have compassion on them.'"

    STRONG WORDS THOSE! THE SOVEREIGN STATES THAT, “UNLESS YOU CAN STOP THIS OLD EARTH FROM TURNING ON ITS AXIS AND UNLESS YOU CAN REMOVE THE SUN AND MOON AND STARS FROM HEAVEN, YOU CANNOT PREVENT HIM FROM KEEPING HIS COVENANT TO MAINTAIN CONTINUOUSLY, THROUGH ALL GENERATIONS, FOREVER, FROM THE TIME OF DAVID AND SOLOMON, A DESCENDANT OF SOLOMON IN ONE CONTINUOUS DYNASTY ON THAT THRONE!”

    The descendant would not necessarily have to rule over all the tribes of Jacob, or even the Jews, but at least some of them and enough to form a nation. Remember again, the Two-Fold Promise includes this line of kings until it culminates in “Shiloh,” the Mashiach at the Advent. The Advent will bring King David up from the grave to sit on his own throne that has been kept active through Solomon.

    The Test of Scriptural Truth

    Has the NameSake departed from Judah? Has the throne ceased? Alternatively, does it, as ETERNAL has in such a binding manner promised, exist today so that the Mashiach can take over and sit upon a functioning, continuous throne of his descendants when he is awakened? The infallibility of the Scripture is at stake! ETERNAL’s word is at stake!

    Continued in Chapter 6

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    [ Chapter 6 ]

    [ The Promises to Abraham - Introduction Index Page ]

    [The Hope of Israel Main Page ]

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    Footnotes

    [1] Note that the Covenant of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9-12) was made with Abraham and is not connected to the Mt. Sinai Covenant.

    [2] Saul was of the tribe of Benjamin who was a full brother to Joseph.

    [3] A very clever way to cause confusion over the birth place of King David and thus create a location for the supposed place of birth for j-esus would be for the midnight Monks to misname Bethel as Bethlehem.
    Matthew 2:18 speaks for this place reporting the slaughter of the innocents of Bethlehem represents Rachel as weeping for her children from her neighboring grave. - Dr Orr.

    [4] However, the fact that ‘Christians,’ Jews and Mohammedans unite in honoring this Muslim site of the supposed birthplace of David and j-esus adds suspicion that this is not birthplace of King David.   The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, article by James Orr, M.A., D.D.

    [5] Tradition and Reality of Holy Tombsin the Madaba Map, by Khalid Nashe. See
    http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/articles/NashefTradition.html

    [6] Holman Bible Dictionary, QuickVerse for Windows, article “Bethlehem.”

    [7] PC Bible Atlas for Windows.

    [8] op. cit. Holman Electronic Dictionary.

    [9] However, it appears that Jewish scribes mistranslated the Hebrew word for Beth-el into Beth-lehem. This could be due to the two different natures of the Scribes from Pharez and those from Zarah and which group translated Genesis into the Septuagint.

    [10] ibid., Holman Electronic Dictionary

    [11] ibid.

    [12] By the time the book of Ruth was written the Bethel-Bethlehem switch may have already been in the scrolls, but remember that Bethel itself ended up in the tribal area of the House of Judah in the split up of the thirteen tribes after Solomon’s death.

    [13] Since Judah is mentioned the book must have been written after Israel and Judah split company or when Ezra canonized the Scriptures. The commentaries say, “he updated names and places.”

    [14] Tanakh, The Holy Scriptures, (Philadelphia, Jerusalem: Jewish Publication Society) 1985.

    [15] Remember, Rachel, Jacob’s wife, was buried near Bethel or Ephrathah so it stands to reason that Bethel was Ephrathah.

    [16] Lit., “the man in the middle,” i.e. a mighty warrior who would leave his camp and stand alone between the warring armies, challenging the opposing force (Rashi).

    [17] (Strong’s #H673) “An Ephraimite.”

    [18] Op. cit. Stone’s Edition of the Tanakh, “Bethlehem, in the providence of Judah, was in an area known as Ephrath. Scriptures recapitulates Jesse’s background because David is about to become the savior of the nation.”

    [19] David the King was from the village Ephrath, which later was incorporated into the land of Judah. If you think that a person’s bloodline is the determining factor of who that person is, then David was an Ephraimite King; but if you think that the country that his place of birth was absorbed into is the determining factor, then David was a Jewish King. The point here is to note the bloodline from King David through Solomon to Zedekiah is Rehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, Ahaziah, Athaliah, Joas, Amaziah, Azariah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Menasseh, Amon, Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah is the same. Therefore, whatever tribal affiliation you reckon to King David, that same lineage continues to King Zedekiah (1 Chronicles 3:10-16). Since Zedekiah is the last Davidic king of Judah, this becomes very important later in this booklet.

    [20] Refer to our soon to be updated booklet “New Proof of the Messiah.”

    [21] “The Hebrew word ‘iysh usually means man but it is a contraction of the word ‘enowsh’ which simply means ‘a mortal’ or ‘person’ or ‘heir.’” In this case, “heir” is a better translation, as we will see later, The Theological Word Book of the Old Testament by R. Harris.


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